Xyoo 1439, Gutenberg, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees, tau tsim lub tshuab luam ntawv ntoo. Txawm hais tias qhov no ntsug kauv tes-panel tshuab luam ntawv muaj cov qauv yooj yim, nws tau siv rau 300 xyoo;
Xyoo 1812, König ntawm Lub Tebchaws Yelemees tau tsim thawj lub voj voog tiaj tus ntawv luam ntawv tshuab luam ntawv;
Xyoo 1847, Hoy hauv Tebchaws Meskas tau tsim lub tshuab luam ntawv teb;
Nyob rau hauv 1900, lub tshuab luam ntawv rau xim teb tau tsim;
Xyoo 1904, Rubel hauv Tebchaws Meskas tau tsim lub tshuab luam ntawv offset. Tam sim no domestic printing presses kuj ua tau zoo heev.
Cov tshuab luam ntawv thiab cov duab. Niaj hnub nimno luam ntawv xovxwm feem ntau muaj xws li phaj loading, inking, embossing, thiab ntawv pub mechanisms. Nws txoj hauv kev ua haujlwm yog: ua ntej ua cov ntawv thiab cov duab los luam rau hauv lub phaj luam ntawv, nruab rau ntawm lub tshuab luam ntawv, thiab tom qab ntawd siv tus number case rau qhov chaw ntawm cov ntawv thiab cov duab ntawm lub phaj luam ntawv los ntawm tes lossis lub tshuab luam ntawv. , thiab ces ncaj qha los yog tsis ncaj qha hloov nws. Sau rau ntawm daim ntawv los yog lwm yam substrates (xws li textiles, hlau phaj, yas, tawv, ntoo, iav, thiab ceramics) kom rov tsim dua tib yam li cov ntawv luam ntawv. Kev tsim thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov xovxwm luam ntawv ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev nthuav dav ntawm tib neeg kev vam meej thiab kab lis kev cai.
